Managing personal Outlook.com account settings, security, and privacy
I have seen a similar problem on a Windows 11 laptop. I was helping a relative the other day (12th October 2024), and we noticed an option to add his mobile number to his account, as an aid to account recovery. We tried doing that, but the security challenge was got (to defeat robot logins) was a badly implemented mess, and MUCH harder than regular CAPCHA or reCapcha methods. It consisted of TEN numbered items to match two icon shapes, that looked like they were drawn by a deranged 10 year old art student, and the right side selection window had the icons upside-down. The biggest problem was that some of the items in the "orbiting icon objects" picture were overlaid (i.e. obscured) by other icon circles. After going through 3 sets of these challenges, and each time getting a "something went wrong" error, we tried the AUDIO method. Even that was often too hard to discern which song of the 3 contained a bird tweet. We gave up in the end.
NOTE: This relative DID have his phone connected to the Phone APP, but it was NOT part of his account security. Nonetheless, is is POSSIBLE that account security could have been tripped up by that, but if that is the case, then that is a definite bug.
NOTE TO VOLUNTEERS: unless you KNOW PRECISELY what this issue is, and have internals knowledge to support that, please don't dilute the usefulness of this thread by standard "try this try that" stuff.