I ran into this issue two days ago and have tried everything with no luck. (two button start, uninstalling / reinstalling firmware, all the common suggestions online)
It just started working again out of no where.
I've tried detaching and attaching the type cover - works.
Restarted windows - works
Disconnected dock / power adapter - works
Disconnect dock / power adapter then detached and reattached type cover - works.
I'm not sure what I did but i'll let everyone know what my last actions were.
I did a restore to the earliest restore point. - This didn't fix it.
I left the surface pro on overnight (as far as i know my power options is to never put it to sleep, it's only a shut off of display) so I would assume the sp4 was on the whole night.
This morning it just started working out of no where.
However, like AlexandryKusamajaya said, I checked and there indeed were a few updates as of last night to this morning and here they are:
Quality Updates:
2019-01 Update for Windows 10 Version 1803 for x64-based Systems (KB4023057) *There was one with the exact same title but was installed Jan 17th so I have no clue what this means* I'm happy to help if anyone has a clue how to find out more
Definition Updates
Definition Update for Windows Defender Antivirus - KB2267602 (Definition 1.285.754.0) Installed 2019-02-03
Definition Update for Windows Defender Antivirus - KB2267602 (Definition 1.285.732.0) Installed 2019-02-02
Definition Update for Windows Defender Antivirus - KB2267602 (Definition 1.285.669.0) Installed 2019-02-02