Hey guys,
New here but was plagued by the exact same issue (Windows 11 ASUS ROG laptop) and managed to solve it with one of the mentioned solutions. Here is a TLDR and its working perfectly now for all languages for me.
Methods that did not work:
DISM fixes, restarts, regedits, ESD/CAB installations
Method that worked:1. Remove all language packs installed in Optional Features
2. Remove all secondary languages under Time and Language (Just leave the main one)
3. Run an In-Place Windows 11 upgrade (link provided below on how, might take quite a while involving multiple auto restarts. apps and files are not affected at all, read info in link)
4. Reinstall secondary languages, they should still take quite a long while but a tad under 45 minutes for me
Hope it helps for those who are still stuck!