I am also experiencing random reboots on my Surface Pro w/ Type cover.
It started happening about once per week or two. In the last month the frequency has increased to multiple times per day (even when I only use it for an hour or two per day).
It tends to be correlated with receiving input (touching the screen etc.) but not heat. For example: it doesn't seem to happen when I'm watching a youtube video for an hour or two, but may happen as soon as I touch the screen to load another video.
I upgraded to the latest 8.1 with no noticeable change.
I performed a system "reset" (the one that removes all existing data and OS files and - apparently - replaces them with a clean install), with no noticeable change.
I hadn't considered the keyboard as a possible correlating factor; I'll do some testing without.
Very interested if a known issue is discovered, because I'd like to warranty it.