I've just noticed a major change in OneDrive for Android on my smartphone. When I opened the app, it prompted me three times that "we've made some changes that require an app restart", and after going through these my three shared folders are now shown with a chain link icon in the lower left corner, and the + button to add content is back. The version number of the app shown in "Help & feedback" is 7.26. I haven't tested yet if I can actually upload files to the shared folders again, will do that later and add a reply to this post.
On my Windows 11 laptop there are still three linked shared folders in the OneDrive folder tree, and three duplicate links named "Foldername-Computername", both of which open the same respective shared folder in the browser. No idea what the purpose of these duplicates is. My guess is that these were created when I went through the three restarts in the Android app. The duplicates don't show the chain link icon in the status column, so they might just be files that can be deleted, not sure yet.
I compared two of these URL link file pairs in a text editor. The proper folder link URL file contains a different resid parameter that I don't recognise (although its first eight hex characters equal the last eight of my personal OneDrive ID). The duplicate file (which is older and has the computer name appended to it) contains a resid in the known OneDriveID!FolderID format, and I recognise the OneDrive ID as the one of the account that shares the folder with me. This change supports the theory that the content might have been migrated and is now identified by a different resource ID.