A family of Microsoft products that enable users to capture, organize, and reuse notes electronically.
Can also confirm that the new beta update does not solve the issue.
After further tests, I have found a temporary yet very disruptive fix: establishing a VPN connection to endpoints in the Asia region (tested with Japan and Singapore, using two devices, one of which is enrolled in the Beta) allows saving web pages using the share functionality in the browser (Chrome Beta on Android). "Save as Image" is always enabled; even after a successful save where I turn it off, the next time it will be again enabled and grayed out until the app does the processing with the Microsoft server. The fact that sharing works when using specific VPN connections is a clear indication that the problem is related to the Microsoft servers, not with any client configuration.
Connecting to VPN endpoints on the US East region does not solve the problem. Inspecting data packets shows that when not using a VPN connection, the app communicates with servers in The Netherlands (as I am based in Europe). The issue manifests on all tested browsers (Firefox, Chrome and Chrome Beta) as well as for any content that uses this share dialogue (not the one with the OneNote "badge", those work).