I'm also encountering the same stuck loading... screen.
Over the years, I upgraded from OneNote 2007 to 2010 to and recently to 2016. I think when after I upgraded to 2016, the path to the Quick Notes Section was wrong, so I had to change it to "C:\Users<username>\Documents\OneNote Notebooks<my notebook name>\Quick
Notes.one".
"Quick Notes.one" is 5272 bytes and has no pages.
This is OneNote 16.0.7030.1012 32-bit.
When OneNote becomes stuck, it is just that view that is stuck, everything else works fine in other notebooks, the File menu, etc.
I don't use the browser version of OneNote (my notebooks are only local).
Yes, the quick notes section was previously editable.
My guess is that you can reproduce the problem in-house by installing OneNote 2007 from scratch, using Quick Notes, upgrading to 2010, then upgrading to 2016 (or maybe skip some of the steps in between).
My guess is that this is some sort of locking issue. In other words, when the notebook is opened, it "locks" the Quick Notes section, but then when you try to access "Quick Notes" in the left-side pane, it tries to acquire a "lock" to the Quick Notes section,
which is already "locked" by the open notebook. So it waits forever trying to acquire the "lock". I could be wrong, this is just a theory.