Processes in Microsoft 365 for setting up Office apps, redeeming product keys, and activating licenses.
You could try running the Apple Combo over your install to see if that helps. Apple has removed the combo without the supplemental updater included.
OS X Mountain Lion Update v10.8.5 (Combo) 831.81 MB
http://support.apple.com/kb/DL1676
Oct 3, 2013
Includes the supplemental update
Combo updaters will install on the same version as they're applying--no need to roll back or do a clean install.
Maybe I was not clear enough :)
If you suggest to use Combo v. which includes Supplemental Update, it will be impossible to install Office update because:
Combo 10.8.5 released on September updates the system to the 12F37, fully compatible with Office 2011 because recognized by the Installer.
Combo 10.8.5 with S.U. released on October 3d updates to the 12F45, not yet recognized by the Installer.
Apple Mac OS X version code 12F45 and MS Office 14.3.8 were released just a few days away from each other. This could be the reason and the only solution I see is to wait for an Office installer update