attempt to login about 6 times before it works.
Yes, yes, that. (a symptom that many people may have not noticed before attempting password change)
Repeatedly and rapidly sending the existing credentials will get a connection and if the send-receives are continuous (achieved differently in different clients) the connection may persist. More detail in a moment but first a general note:
Since at least the morning of January 24 there has been a substantial back-end issue with Microsoft email (and perhaps other) services, which MS has finally acknowledged here: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/outlook-and-other-apps-are-unable-to-connect-to-outlook-com-f4202ebf-89c6-4a8a-bec3-3d60cf7deaef) Note: There is a link at that post referring back to this thread.
Unfortunately this type of back-end issue presents symptoms that resemble bad password for server configuration and many people have embarked on that course of troubleshooting needlessly, probably compounding their issues by changing settings while there is a back-end issue. The issue persists as of this moment, midday (GMT-5), Sunday Jan 28, 2024. Tech details incoming.