Using classic Outlook for Windows in business environments
I'm using an on premises Exchange server, these issues only started when that server was updated with latest patches. I'm only seeing the issue with Outlook running on Windows 11 machines, all of which are enterprise edition.
I too have not messed with my settings.
Overnight I built a brand new machine - brand new local login (thought signing in with MS account - as this is forced so heavily these days). Same issue. Was fine for about 2 hours - then suddenly. BAM - enter your password.
I might try a fresh machine with no MS account - just a local user account.