Using Classic Outlook on Windows for personal email, calendar, and contact management
sounds like well need to contact Microsoft themselves which is annoying. judging by the complaints online it's been around a while and they don't seem to want to fix it or make it "opt in" by the company account holder.
You can open a case via the Microsoft 365 Admin Center. AFAIK, the option is still off by default but it might be included when you accept certain safety recommendations some tenants got a while ago.
But your tenant admin shouldn't have much difficulty with changing the setting. Instructions to install the Exchange Online PowerShell module (and additional PowerShell tips) can be found here; https://www.howto-outlook.com/howto/powershell-scripts-faq-tips-and-tricks.htm#microsoft365
Once installed, use the Connect-ExchangeOnline command to get connected and then use the Set-ExternalInOutlook $false command to disable it.
For additional documentation and instructions see; Connect to Exchange Online PowerShell | Microsoft Learn
The second workaround you link does not work as it prohibits you from "sorting by" the from field.
Also, if you have multiple inboxes set up it doesn't apply over multiple and requires each done one by one.
The article also shows you how to get around that and still be able to "Sort by" ;-)
To apply it to multiple folders or Inboxes at once, configure 1 folder and then use;
View-> Change View-> Apply Current View to Other Mail Folders...