Additional features, settings, or issues not covered by specific Microsoft Teams categories
I have the same issue with my work Windows 10 laptop(Lenovo). Received my Airpods today, paired them via bluetooth, performed test call via the Teams settings and could not hear anything, but my voice was working! :-(
I also have a Macbook Pro running High Sierra with Teams installed and the Airpods work flawlessly! No surprise there then :-)
UPDATE 15/05: I have decided to send my Airpods back until this is fixed.