Additional team and channel-related features and issues within Microsoft Teams for Education
So it isn't a Windows version related issue. It is definitely driver related. I have 2 different Lenovo laptops as examples, one that is working fine and the other that isn't.
The one that is working is running Intel Smart Sound Tech (Intel SST) driver from 3/18/2019 v10.0.18362.1 for the Mic Array and Intel Smart Sound Tech (Intel SST) driver from 8/29/2019 v10.23.0.2903 for the Audio Controller.
The one that isn't working is running Intel Smart Sound Tech (Intel SST) driver from 12/6/2019 v10.0.19041.1 for the Mic Array and Intel Smart Sound Tech (Intel SST) driver from 5/9/2020 v10.25.0.3950 for the Audio Controller.
So at some point between those 2 versions something has cause Teams to record in a tiny voice...
Still running tests.