Finally I got it to work! Thanks steve for the tip!
- Uninstall the app from your PC via powershell
(open powershell as admin and run Get-AppxPackage Microsoft.YourPhone -AllUsers | Remove-AppxPackage)
- Download v.1.22102.202.0 from https://phone-link.en.uptodown.com/windows/download/86620888
- Open Microsoft Store, click profile, apps and untap the 'update automatically' checkbox
- On your phone, remove all updates from Phone Link Service (something like that) and the Link app itself.
- On your phone, download version 1.22102.153.0 (the one I downloaded for my PC was not available on this site and was lazy to start searching for it) https://www.apkmonk.com/download-app/com.microsoft.appmanager/7_com.microsoft.appmanager_2022-12-09.apk/
- Install App
- Connect your phone to PC
- After the first time unlocking my phone, I closed the phone screen on my PC and locked the phone a few times -- everytime I was able to start using it on my PC without having to unlock the screen