While none of this worked or produced any different results, I did notice something odd: when I run "msdt.exe -id DeviceDiagnostic" (works from PowerShell or CMD prompt), it ALWAYS tells me at the end that it needs to restart. The final is "Restart your PC to finish installing drivers and updates" even though as far as I can tell there are no further updates pending and no drivers that have changed. I've been through this several times, restarting the computer each time. Regardless it always comes back with that.
Do others who still have problems also get that? If that's a common thread between us, maybe that's a clue as to the problem.
Also, if it matters all my systems are running on a domain. I'm not sure if that has any bearing on this, but offering it in case it helps us figure out why this just won't work for some of us.