This problem is a weird one. At this point, I've installed the April updates on a total of 5 Windows 10 Pro (22H2) machines. Only one developed this issue after the updates. Unfortunately, it's a computer that I use every day, and the jump lists are part of my normal workflow.
I've tried rebooting the computer that has the issue, and that didn't help. I wondered if my user profile somehow became corrupted, so I tried logging in as a different user. That didn't help either. I guess the problem is system-wide and affects all user accounts on the machine. It sure would be nice to have my jump lists back.
It's true that the jump lists still work for icons on the Taskbar, but I really don't want to clutter the Taskbar up with a bunch of icons. I'm used to righ-clicking the icons in the Start Menu. Maybe I'll add some more icons to the Taskbar temporarily and hope that next month's updates correct this issue.