(1) What about that article...?...
OneDrive is stuck on “Processing changes"
(2) What if you empty out OneDrive?
(a) Turn off file protection at that "Auto Save tab, Update Folders button".
(b) Turn off Files On-Demand.
(c) Move the contents of "C:\Users<Username>\OneDrive<Folder name>"
to "C:\Users<Username><Folder name>"
Something like that. After (a) the Desktop, Pictures & Documents folders can be handled just by moving the full contents, subfolders & all. For any other folders in OneDrive (like Downloads), right-click the folder, & see whether it has a Location tab. If so, use that to move it, & check whether the contents went with it. If not, move the contents manually for those too.
After all that - are those circular double-arrows gone at long last? If so, reverse the process so that all is back the way it was.
(3) What are these folders & do they exist in the "test" profile (that works)...?...
Maybe just try moving out the ones that won't sync. Do they have files that are constantly updated by Windows or by an app that is installed?