I have two Surface Book 2s: 13-inch and 15-inch. I have no issues using the 13-inch Surface Book 2 with a Surface Dock connected to 2 external displays, a mouse, and a keyboard. The first time I connected my 15-inch Surface Book 2, to the same Surface Dock, within 10 minutes, the displays, mouse, and keyboard all started randomly disconnecting/reconnecting.
I updated the Surface Dock firmware this week (Surface_Dock_FwUpdate_1.42.139_Win10_17134_19.084.31680_0.msi). I still have the same problems with the 15-inch Book--but the disconnects do seem to be happening less frequently.
I have had access to three different Surface Docks--all work great with the 13-inch Surface Book 2; all have problems with the 15-inch Surface Book 2.
So, based on my experiences, I have to assume that the problem is not the Surface Dock. Rather, the problem exists in my 15-inch Surface Book 2. (Differences with internal hardware, manufacturers, etc.?)
Hoping this info helps someone to identify the culprit.
--mpt