I can confirm this is also the issue for me. I was using the Surface Dock, but today I switched to a generic dock that connects via USB 3, and encountered the same issue again. I disconnected the SP6 from power and CPU instantly returns to normal speed. Re-connect power and it slows down to 0.4 GHz. Hopefully a FW update becomes available soon.
I also came across this 'ThottleStop' software that looks like it will allow you to manually set the BD PROCHOT flag, which may be another workaround. I haven't tried this software yet though.
https://beebom.com/how-use-throttlestop-control-cpu/
Thanks.