A Microsoft app for iOS and Android devices that enables authentication with two-factor verification, phone sign-in, and code generation
Note : I am not a Microsoft employee and the responses are based on experiences and best effort.
You are correct that I am trying to HELP you.
You are correct that you need a CODE (for now). After that, you will be able to provision things with a key. A FIDO2 key (to be precise)
You are not correct about needing a MOBILE DEVICE.
However, I hear you when you say that you give up because there is no point in offering you HELP if you are not going to use it.
As for your banks, etc. I have no idea about that as I don't live in your country, your hemishphere or your part of the world.
I suppose I will offer one last peice of HELP in that you are going to have to figure out a way to use atleast a couple of forms of MFA (Multi Factor Authentication) because otherwise, you will lose access to your Gmail and Youtube as well.
Everything will eventually sit behind MFA. Either that will be verifying the (relatively) new ways via different means, or the old ways of having a lot of paperwork and standing in several queues for several hours across different cities.
Unlike you, I did not wait to get old to give up. I gave up before I reached 20, but things still had to get done and I couldn't go to all the places to get it done, so I gave up on giving up and learned to start doing it all myself. Weirdly enough that ended me in IT which I find I enjoy even though I never wanted to be in IT.
So if you want to recover your Microsoft Account hat you setup 25 years ago, the steps have been mentioned earlier. If you are choosing to let it go, then that is your choice.
I am choosing that this is my last answer to your query.
If this works for you, please Mark is as an Answer/Resolved, so that it can aid others as well
If some part has worked, please add additional notes, so that I(Community) can provide additional support based on additional information.