Since cleaning with rubbing alcohol and canned air already did not help, the next useful checks are to separate a Windows problem from a keyboard hardware problem.
- Check whether the problem is only in Windows.
- Restart the laptop and enter the firmware/BIOS or UEFI screen.
- If those same keys still fail there, that points to a hardware problem.
- If the keys work there but fail only in Windows, the issue is likely software.
- In Windows, check keyboard accessibility settings.
- In Windows 11, go to Settings > Accessibility > Keyboard.
- Turn Sticky Keys and Filter Keys off, then test the keyboard again.
- Make sure Windows is fully updated.
- Go to Start > Settings > Windows Update and install available updates.
- This is especially relevant if special keys such as the Windows key are not functioning correctly.
- Test with the On-Screen Keyboard.
- If the missing keys work normally there, Windows can still receive those inputs, which further suggests the built-in keyboard is the problem.
- If the laptop has a removable or external keyboard connection option, try another keyboard temporarily.
- If an external keyboard works, that strongly suggests the built-in laptop keyboard has failed.
- If the same keys still do not work after cleaning and they also fail outside Windows, the most likely cause is hardware failure.
- Microsoft guidance for repeated or non-responding keys is that if cleaning does not resolve it, the keyboard is likely experiencing a hardware failure and needs service.
Low-cost workaround:
- Use the On-Screen Keyboard or a cheap external USB keyboard as a temporary solution.
- If the laptop keyboard is built in and the failed keys remain nonresponsive, software settings are unlikely to fix physically failed keys.