A sign-in loop that survives the built-in troubleshooter usually points to a corrupted user profile or a stuck credential/Hello cache rather than a network or account problem — especially since the same Microsoft account works fine elsewhere.
Boot into Safe Mode (hold Shift and click Restart from the sign-in screen's power button, then Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Startup Settings > Restart > press 4). If you can sign in fine in Safe Mode, the loop is caused by a startup app or driver, not the profile itself — skip to the SFC/DISM step.
Force two failed boots in a row (hold power button to cut power during startup) to trigger Automatic Repair, then choose Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Command Prompt. Run: DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth, then sfc /scannow.
If the loop happens right after PIN entry, the Windows Hello credential cache may be corrupt. On the sign-in screen, click 'Sign-in options' and choose the password icon instead of PIN. If password gets you in, delete and recreate the PIN afterward in Settings > Accounts > Sign-in options.
From that same WinRE Command Prompt, run 'dir C:\Users' to find your profile folder, then rename it (e.g., ren C:\Users\YourName YourName.old). Windows will build a fresh profile on next sign-in and pull your account settings from the cloud again, leaving old files recoverable in the renamed folder.
In the WinRE Command Prompt, run 'net user tempadmin /add' then 'net localgroup administrators tempadmin /add'. Reboot and sign in locally to confirm whether you can at least get a working desktop, which tells you the problem is with your Microsoft account profile specifically, not the OS install.