A motherboard replacement is treated as a significant hardware change, so Windows may no longer find the license that was previously associated with the device.
Try this first:
- Make sure the PC is connected to the internet.
- Open Activation:
- Windows 11: Start > Settings > System > Activation
- Windows 10: Start > Settings > Update & Security > Activation
- Select Troubleshoot if it appears. This option is available only when Windows is not activated, and administrator rights are required.
- If the issue happened after the motherboard change, use the reactivation path shown by the troubleshooter for hardware changes.
If a product key is available:
- Select Change product key in Activation and enter the 25-character key.
- If the motherboard was replaced by the original PC manufacturer, the PC should reactivate automatically. If it does not, the manufacturer may have provided a COA card with the product key.
Important checks:
- The installed Windows edition must match the license, such as Home vs Pro. If the wrong edition is installed, activation can fail.
- If Windows was preinstalled on the PC and the motherboard was replaced, a new license may be required.
If the troubleshooter does not fix it, use the activation error help page or contact customer support.
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