My accounts disappeared from Microsoft Authenticator,

If the accounts were not backed up before the old phone broke, they cannot be restored from Microsoft Authenticator.

What can still be done:

1. Check whether a backup exists.
   • On Android, open Authenticator and select Restore from backup or Begin recovery before signing in.
   • Sign in with the personal Microsoft account that was used during the backup process.
   • On iPhone, restore is only possible from the same device type, and it requires access to the iCloud account used for backup.
2. If restore works but an account shows Sign in to restore your account or Action required:
   • Tap the account in Authenticator.
   • Select Sign in.
   • Enter the password and confirm the email address or phone number for additional verification.
3. If there was no backup, add the accounts again.
   • For third-party accounts such as Instagram, the account must be re-added from that service’s sign-in or security settings.
   • If access to that account is blocked because the Authenticator code is unavailable, recovery must be done through that service’s own backup methods or support process.
4. If a push notification is going to an old phone instead of the current one:
   • Check the old device if it is still available.
   • Otherwise use a different verification method, such as SMS, if available.

Important limits:

• Microsoft Authenticator backup and restore works only on the same device type. iOS backups cannot be restored to Android.
• For work or school accounts, only the account name is restored. Sign-in is still required after restore.
• If access to the backup account is lost, support agents cannot restore the Authenticator backup.

References:

• Restore account credentials from Microsoft Authenticator
• Microsoft Authenticator FAQs
• I can’t login to my instagram account - Microsoft Q&A