Make sure you're checking every Microsoft account you've ever used on that device, not just your primary one. Sometimes a key gets tied to an account that was used briefly during setup or a previous owner's account.
Note the Key ID (first 8 characters shown on the recovery screen) — this tells you whether the key belongs to your personal account or a different one.
If the device was ever used at a school/company, contact their IT admin; they hold the key in their tenant, not your personal account.
If the key truly can't be found anywhere: A clean Windows reinstall is the realistic path.