Since the same cable and router give gigabit speeds through a USB–Ethernet adapter, the issue is isolated to the built‑in Realtek PCIe GbE controller or its configuration in Windows.
Try these steps on the Windows 11 PC, in order:
- Run the built‑in network troubleshooter
- Select Start > Settings > Network & internet.
- Select Status (Windows 10) or use the Network & internet troubleshooters in Windows 11 via Get Help.
- Run the Network troubleshooter and apply any fixes it suggests.
- Uninstall and reinstall the Ethernet adapter driver
This forces Windows to reload a clean driver, which can fix speed/negotiation issues.
- Select Search on the taskbar, type Device Manager, and open Device Manager.
- Expand Network adapters and locate the Realtek PCIe GbE Family Controller.
- Right‑click it and select Uninstall device.
- Check Attempt to remove the driver for this device if available, then select Uninstall.
- Select Start > Power > Restart.
- After restart, Windows will automatically reinstall the Ethernet driver. Test the link speed again.
- If Windows does not reinstall it, install the backup driver downloaded from the laptop or motherboard manufacturer on another PC and copied via USB.
- Use Network Reset (last resort)
If the adapter still negotiates only 100 Mbps, reset all network components in Windows.
- Select Start, type settings, then open Settings > Network & internet.
- On Windows 11, select Advanced network settings > Network reset.
- Select Reset now > Yes to confirm.
- Wait for the PC to restart and test the Ethernet speed again.
- Network reset removes and reinstalls all network adapters and resets their settings to defaults.
- Afterward, VPN clients, virtual switches (Hyper‑V, etc.), and Wi‑Fi profiles might need to be reconfigured.
- Hardware/port check If, after driver reinstall and network reset, the built‑in port still only links at 100 Mbps while the same cable and router port give 1 Gbps through a USB adapter, the laptop’s Ethernet PHY/port is likely degraded or damaged and limited to Fast Ethernet. In that case, continuing to use the USB–Ethernet adapter is the practical workaround, or the laptop’s Ethernet port would need hardware repair.
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