A Microsoft file hosting and synchronization service.
There is a message elsewhere from a Microsoft insider explaining that this problem has been caused by Microsoft migrating user data. Shared folders do not work if they are in a different location from the user they are being shared with. As the migration gradually completes, shared folders become available again. There seems to be no solution except waiting for the process to complete for your own and shared folders. This explains why different users are affected at different times and why problem resolution seems random. It's a plausible explanation, but it's still annoying.