Dear Kaspars Pudans,
Thank you for posting back and sharing with me the detailed information.
I understand this issue only happens when using Safari browser on Apple devices.
On one hand, I recommend you use Chrome to access SharePoint site and open files.
On the other hand, consider that your colleagues experience same issue too, it could be a tenant wide issue, I'm afraid general troubleshooting cannot fix it. It needs to be investigated and fixed by checking your SharePoint site from back end.
So I sincerely recommend that your Microsoft 365 admin, can follow the steps in this article and create a support ticket to contact Microsoft online support. The support team there has more permission than us, they can help you collect logs and involve more resources to investigate the issue from the backend. This would be the most efficient way to handle this case for you.
Note: To create a support ticket, you need to have Microsoft 365 admin privileges.
Reference: How do I find my Microsoft 365 admin? - Microsoft Support
Your understanding and patience will be greatly appreciated. Have a great day!!
Sincerely,
Tina | Microsoft Community Moderator