This method doesn't work on my Windows 11 machine, neither in the described way using "net use", nor by using the "Add a network location" or "Map network drive" features in Windows Explorer. The error is always that the network name cannot be found.
However, if I enter the path to d.docs.live.net in the Edge browser, it accepts it and redirects me to the OneDrive web interface for that folder. The URL changes to onedrive.live.com, followed by the folder ID.
I also noticed that OneDrive for Android does no longer display recent changes in shared folders. Files that I added since the whole issue started for me three days ago are not showing up. They do show up in Outlook for Android, when I simulate adding an attachment to an email and navigate to the shared folder there. This is getting increasingly inconsistent and worrying.