Dear leuan McGuckin,
Thanks for writing back and updating with us.
As per the further updates, we would like to appreciate for sharing the detailed information about the troubleshooting steps tried and since the problem is happening with every users in the organization, there is should be some compatible issue with the Windows component and OneDrive sync client.
If your colleague is able to reproduce the same problem even after trying the steps mentioned in my previous reply, I believe the problem need to be further investigated by the related development team by collecting the OneDrive logs and Fiddler logs.
So, I suggest you raise a support ticket from the Office 365 admin center, where the related team will collect the Fiddler logs and find out the cause of the problem.
Reference: Get support - Microsoft 365 admin | Microsoft Learn
Note: To create a support ticket, you need to have admin privileges and if you aren’t admin of your Office 365 organization, please contact the admin of creating a new ticket.
Moreover, if you find a solution, please provide here so we can mark your answer as it will be helpful to other members in this community with same problem.
Appreciate your patience and understanding. Have a great day!!
Best Regards,
Sophia