I have this message appearing on my iPad every 20 seconds or so. I use an Office365 exchange account to sync email, contacts and calendar onto the iPad and also use Onedrive for storage along with Word, Excel, Powerpoint etc.
I have had periods of tim when this error message appears, but usually only for 24 hours max. If it is for a prolonged period, I found that deleting the Exchange account from the iPad and setting it up again often cured the problem.
This time it has been going on for weeks, with no let-up. I have deleted and set the account up again twice, to no avail. Please help it's driving me bonkers.