You could try running the Apple Combo over your install to see if that helps. Apple has removed the combo without the supplemental updater included.
OS X Mountain Lion Update v10.8.5 (Combo) 831.81 MB
http://support.apple.com/kb/DL1676
Oct 3, 2013
Includes the supplemental update
Combo updaters will install on the same version as they're applying--no need to roll back or do a clean install.
MORE INFO ON WHY RUNNING COMBO FIXES ISSUES
Apple updates available from the Software Update application are incremental updates. Delta updates are also incremental updates and are available from Apple Downloads (software updates are generally smaller than delta updates). The Combo updates contain
all incremental updates and will update files that could have become corrupted.
Combo updaters will install on the same version as they're applying--no need to roll back or do a clean install. So if you think you've got a borked 10.8.4 install from a regular update, just run the 10.8.4 Combo Updater on that system.
"Delta" updaters can only take you from one version to the next. For example: 10.8.3 to 10.8.4. If somehow the 10.8.3 is missing something it should have, and that something isn't changed between 10.8.3 and 10.8.4 it will still be stale after the delta
update.