I think they did the homework and could see that there is a large number of up to 5 users small businesses (home businesses sort of) who (if the custom domain option were available) would have switched from
Business to a cheaper Home plan, cannibalizing the more expensive plan.
May be true, but if you adress different markets, this can always happen.
You can limit this risk by limiting the license via TOS to "non-business".
They already used to do this in the old "office home and student" editions! So it's really nothing new!
Ultimately the question is: do you get more out of the additional business by offering the feature or do you loose more by the cannibalisation?
I mean, honestly:
the business model of the O365 home/personal is basically to rent out a pice of software that you could also buy for one-off.
The additional benefit from the subscription on top of the one-off purchase is limited (of course there will always be one person valuating it higher than the other, but over all it is rather limited).
Anyone can see that one-off buying is cheaper in the long run than the subscription.
On the other hand,
if you would offer email tied into this subscription, you would have a real distinctive advantage for the subscription product. You would also tie the clients much closer to you as it would be much harder to move from such a subscription to a one-off purchase.
But whatever, the decision seems to be made wether or not we like it (and I hate it).
I have waited for this feature for so long now that I am really frustrated to see the one chance they had slipping away.
(as outlook premium was not on my radar and available in my country, I wasn't aware of it until yesterday).
So for me this opens up the question again of whether to go back to one-off purchase instead of subscription.
If they don't intend to enrich their more expensive product with the most obvious benefit, then, well, I will go back to their cheaper alternative.
I can easily live with that.
Their problem.