We've been fully modern managed for a couple years now (Azure authentication/AD in the cloud) and I've never once had to provide a password for Outlook using Office 365 hosted email.
It has actually been quite convenient, instead of the company having to image a laptop before sending it out, it drop ships directly from the vendor with generic Win 10 or 11, you log in with your work credentials, and it images the machine and restores all your files from onedrive. Something gets corrupted or goes wrong, you just reset the laptop and it images again.
Our (and hopefully any) IT team tests the patches before rolling them out, and they have to defer some due to issues they find, mostly issues related to our own in-house applications that were impacted by a change made by the patch, but sometimes a bug with the patch itself that impacts windows or office.
Obviously MS has its problems (as we can see here), that's the result of cost cutting and outsourcing to generic developers in third world countries, like every other company is doing. I deal with it every day, the support staff for our critical applications has no idea how those applications work or how to fix them, and the staff changes every few weeks. As far as the company is concerned they're saving a lot of money. Of course when it leads to a breach or major outage that costs the company millions, that negates any savings, but C suite executives are very short sighted. Make the numbers look good for this quarter, worry about next quarter some other time. Worst case, take your golden parachute and go ruin some other company. In this case though, this is a free consumer product that is mostly being impacted. This has not impacted my work email at all (as it requires the use of outlook client on mobile, which uses modern auth), nor on my personal O365 using Outlook (only gmail android which doesn't support modern auth for activesynch).
Fact of the matter is, trying to integrate Google's offering with MS programs is just as difficult and buggy (if not more), and will never reach the same level of interoperability. MS has a stranglehold on the desktop market, just like Google (and to a lesser extent, Apple) has one on the phone market.
It is what it is, but I'm sure this issue is getting lower priority as the majority of the impact is free home users. Properly configured corporate users are not impacted.