That doesn't make sense to me.
When I add an Outlook account, I see it in my Phone Settings-Accounts. If I look at that account settings, I can turn on or off Contact and Calendar Sync. Then, if I go to my Phones Calendar or Contact apps, I can turn on those accounts. Maybe just go back and make sure you have everything turned on.
It is turned on for me (3) places - In the Outlook app for those accounts, Sync Contacts and Sync Calendar is turned on. If I go into my phones settings - Accounts - the Outlook accounts have Sync turned on for Contacts and Calendar. Then, if I go to my Contact and Calendar apps, those accounts are available to be turned on.
This is all still working for me.
Keep in mind that once it is all turned on, it will take a while for everthing to sync up - especially if you have a lot in there.