Hi Cory,
I'm not sure if you're using Outlook in Windows or you're visiting Outlook live online,
I use Outlook online,
online, under-settings>email>junk email, scroll down that page to the bottom and check the box for: Filters "Block attachments, pictures and links for anyone not in my Safe senders and domains list"
a save dialogue box should appear that you click to save this new setting,
I imagine there is a similar option in Outlook for Windows but I don't have it installed so I can't walk you through it,
for Outlook live online this link should take you right there:
https://outlook.live.com/mail/0/options/mail/junkEmail
with attachments, pictures and links blocked the sender of the spam email won't know you've opened and viewed it, you can add the sender to your blocked senders and domains list and report it for phishing without it triggering further spam emails,
try this one thing and see if the amount of spam you receive starts to slow down.
any legitimate email you receive you can click on "I trust content from xyz" at the top edge of the email and it will be added to your Safe senders and domains list.