Managing personal Outlook.com account settings, security, and privacy
Hi Jesus,
If your problem is the same as what I had, the verification code is not send to your phone, because the account was locked by Microsoft, you can not unlock it by yourself. I had to fill in the Account reinstatement form and between 24 - 72 hours it was processed by Microsoft and unlocked again and I could receive the verification code.
I used this URL (https://microsoft.com/nl-nl/concern/accountreinstatement), but as you can see it's for The Netherlands. In which country are you in? You might need to change the URL to your country, for example to https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/concern/accountreinstatement for US.