Using classic Outlook for Windows in business environments
I have found some Yahoo documentation that sheds some light on the behavior at this location.
https://senders.yahooinc.com/developer/documentation
The page describes two possible modes of IMAP operation, the default with a limited number of messages; and a new mode of operation called UIDONLY that is described in the Yahoo documentation as "unlimited". This UIDONLY extension is in draft standardization with a technical specification here
https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-melnikov-imap-uidonly-00.html
Some further experiments with direct IMAP interface to the Yahoo server using OpenSSL show both the origin of the message limit value of 10000 and further more allow the message count for the Inbox folder to give the true value when this new UIDONLY mode is enabled.
Partial logs from the session are copied below:
tag capability
* CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 ID MOVE XYMHIGHESTMODSEQ UIDPLUS LITERAL+ CHILDREN UNSELECT X-MSG-EXT OBJECTID IDLE ENABLE UIDONLY X-ALL-MAIL X-PAGINATION X-UIDONLY LIST-EXTENDED LIST-STATUS SPECIAL-USE MESSAGELIMIT=10000 X-MESSAGEPAGELIMIT=10000 PARTIAL APPENDLIMIT=41697280
tag OK CAPABILITY completed
tag enable uidonly
* ENABLED UIDONLY
tag OK ENABLE completed
tag capability
* CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 ID MOVE XYMHIGHESTMODSEQ UIDPLUS LITERAL+ CHILDREN UNSELECT X-MSG-EXT OBJECTID IDLE ENABLE UIDONLY X-ALL-MAIL X-PAGINATION X-UIDONLY LIST-EXTENDED LIST-STATUS SPECIAL-USE MESSAGELIMIT=1000 X-MESSAGEPAGELIMIT=1000 PARTIAL APPENDLIMIT=41697280
tag OK CAPABILITY completed
tag select Inbox
* 33934 EXISTS
* 0 RECENT
* OK [UIDVALIDITY 1] UIDs valid
* OK [UIDNEXT 248767] Predicted next UID
* FLAGS (\Answered \Deleted \Draft \Flagged \Seen $Forwarded $Junk $NotJunk)
* OK [PERMANENTFLAGS (\Answered \Deleted \Draft \Flagged \Seen $Forwarded $Junk $NotJunk)] Permanent flags
* OK [HIGHESTMODSEQ 57636]
* OK [MAILBOXID (1)] Ok
tag OK [READ-WRITE] SELECT completed; now in selected state
tag status Inbox (MESSAGES)
* STATUS "Inbox" (MESSAGES 33934)
tag OK STATUS completed
Note that the message count is now correct (33934).
The logs without use of the UIDONLY mode are
tag OK LOGIN completed
tag capability
* CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 ID MOVE XYMHIGHESTMODSEQ UIDPLUS LITERAL+ CHILDREN UNSELECT X-MSG-EXT OBJECTID IDLE ENABLE UIDONLY X-ALL-MAIL X-PAGINATION X-UIDONLY LIST-EXTENDED LIST-STATUS SPECIAL-USE MESSAGELIMIT=10000 X-MESSAGEPAGELIMIT=10000 PARTIAL APPENDLIMIT=41697280
tag OK CAPABILITY completed
tag select Inbox
* 10000 EXISTS
* 0 RECENT
* OK [UIDVALIDITY 1] UIDs valid
* OK [UIDNEXT 248767] Predicted next UID
* FLAGS (\Answered \Deleted \Draft \Flagged \Seen $Forwarded $Junk $NotJunk)
* OK [PERMANENTFLAGS (\Answered \Deleted \Draft \Flagged \Seen $Forwarded $Junk $NotJunk)] Permanent flags
* OK [HIGHESTMODSEQ 57636]
* OK [MAILBOXID (1)] Ok
tag OK [READ-WRITE] SELECT completed; now in selected state
tag status "Inbox" (MESSAGES)
* STATUS "Inbox" (MESSAGES 10000)
tag OK STATUS completed
Note that this time the message count is wrong / limited.
So the situation may be that with this recent Yahoo server configuration change that the Mail client (i.e. Outlook in my case) must support the new IMAP UIDONLY extension to allow access to message counts more than 10000.
I would now have a question to Microsoft technical support: does Outlook support the IMAP UIDONLY extension? And, if so, in which version is this support introduced?