Using classic Outlook for Windows in business environments
This occurs for me when threads get too long and I'm emailing via Outlook desktop app. No method fixes it.
However, I've got around this by writing up my email in full, saving into drafts and then sending from my mobile email app (in this case, Samsung's email app). Once I load the draft up and send it I have no issues at all with it sending. Seems to me that it's an error with how Outlook is wrapping or cutting off (or not) headers that are too long to process for cpanel.
It's only an issue for less than 5% of my emails so it's not such a big deal given I have a workaround but it's still annoying!