Using classic Outlook for Windows in business environments
As and others said in various forums these spams started when giant leaks happened from various hackers in some sites. They sold the emails addresses (microsoft email addresses too) to others and then started the massive spams. Probably there are and others leaks and hackers sold more emails addresses with the result users to have more spams.
On sites that had or have software of microsoft the responsibility is to those admins of those sites and microsoft. To admins because they didn't take enough security measures with security software and do updates to close holes of programs. To Microsoft because its software had or has vulnerabilities.
Of course there are and suspicious sites and suspicious programs that used your emails for spam when you inserted them for subscription or they sold them to others for spam.
It is a constant battle..