Michelle and Elijah - the linking to Yahoo is causing the problem. Yes, your emails are still in Yahoo, but there's something in the Yahoo - Outlook linking that has changed over the past few months, and since October 26, 2023 I've found a number of people having the same problem, Outlook Inbox (and sometimes Sent Items) disappearing when that account has been synced to a Yahoo account. Randomly, from most recent to older emails, poof, they're gone.
I have found a variety of similar problems with Yahoo and Outlook dating back to April 2023.
Before you break any connection to the Yahoo account, setup your Outlook to forward all email to another email address (leaving the originals in your current Outlook email, so technically a forwarded of a copy).
Don't take my work for it, talk to your IT department and or trusted IT contact first. Have them do some research on Yahoo - Outlook email integration.
Also, this odd disappearing act also coincided with users using the new Outlook app. I'm not so sure that is the cause.
https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/outlook_com/forum/all/is-it-true-that-as-of-4262023-yahoo-email-can-not/415c363e-3c19-4832-8f0a-050fa0376845
https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/outlook_com/forum/all/outlook-on-mac-and-yahoo-missing-emails/d7a9c0f0-2718-4968-890a-057cadb7b59a
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/troubleshoot-connected-accounts-in-outlook-com-a99a1f0b-700d-4b3b-8f9a-28d463ff07f2
https://www.thewindowsclub.com/outlook-unable-to-connect-yahoo-mail?expand_article=1
https://help.yahoo.com/kb/SLN28341.html