In reply to all: I also struggled for days and tried all the above. One issue was either to use as domain: eas.outlook.com, outlook.live.com or outlook.office365.com when adding the exchange account. On eas and office365 I was able
to get the account added, but nothing showed in the calendar. On the outlook.live.com I got: cannot connect to server.
After endlessly adding the account with my email address and alias email addresses, I finally stumbled by coincidence over a setting in my Microsoft account that showed which mobile devices were allowed to sync with Outlook. There were
about 5 Outlook devices listed (click on the pen icon and it will provide more info), which were all related to the Android phone (Moto 6), some entries were old and from a previous phone. I deleted them all, deleted the Outlook exchange account on the phone
and then added the Outlook account again through Exchange.
As my email address is a Hotmail address, it said I needed to add it as Hotmail, but that does not give you the contacts and calendar. So I added it manually and used the eas.outlook.com domain (as said, on
the outlook.live.com domain it did not work). I do not know why it has to be the eas.outlook.com domain, but it it immediately synced my outlook calendar with the Google calendar, which is what I wanted.
The
setting for the syncing of the mobile devices you will find in Outlook, go to Setting, go to All Outlook settings, go to General.
Now my phone is added with a new Outlook and an Android entry in the above screenshot. Do not ask me why twice, but my calendar now finally works.
By the way, if
you want your calendar entries to show up on your lock screen (that was a nice Windows phone feature), use the Calendar notify app.