I don't believe you can install or repair iCloud directly in your Outlook application, at least not any more. I got this from the Microsoft help desk for Office 365:
- If you don't have iCloud for Windows, download it here:
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204283
- If you have your iCloud mail account in Outlook, and it stopped working delete it: File/account settings/account settings/highlight iCloud account and then delete. Don't worry, it will all come back. Then close the Outlook application.
- Sign out of iCloud for Windows if the app is open. Let it delete the iCloud data. Don't worry, it will all come back at step 4. At this point I had to reboot two of my four Windows 10 computers for complete success, so I recommend rebooting.
- Open iCloud for Windows if it's not open and sign back in with your regular Apple ID and password. Chose whether you want your iCloud photo backups to stream to your PC. Click Apply.
5. Open the Outlook application and check: your email account, calendar, contacts and tasks should all be in the Outlook application. Simple, elegant, easy.
I never authorized two-factor authentication for Apple. Actually I did but opted out of it when I realized how difficult it would make my life with four windows computers and three Apple devices, so I did not have that issue. But I think all you have
to use with iCloud for Windows is your simple Apple password since it's an Apple program.
Now for bonus points, if you need to change a password for a non-Apple mail account in Outlook, do this (also courtesy of the Microsoft Outlook 365 help brigade):
- Open the Control Panel.
- Search for Mail.
- Double click on Outlook (Microsoft Outlook 2016)
- Click on Email Accounts.
- Highlight and double click on the account you want to change (for eg. Comcast.net). Do NOT use change or repair. Then just highlight and change the password field. Close and you are all done.
Good luck, and report back if it works.