I have the same problem trying several external USB interfaces (a Komplete Audio 6, a Scarlett 18i8, and a Tascam Model 12) using all manner of different cables, hubs, and port configurations.
(Apple M1 Max, Sequoia 15.1 24B83, Teams Version 24277.3502.3161.3007 (24277.3502.3161.3007))
I don't experience this issue using the internal MacBook mic, or, curiously, the microphone built into my LG 5K display.
All USB interfaces, though, exhibit the same dropout behavior. I've also tried having other applications open that use the same devices separately or concurrently. Those work fine, and the problematic behavior (the menu bar microphone icon disappearing and mic audio stopping) are only observed in Teams.
Using the MacOS console, I can see setPlayState and AVAudioSession_MacOS.mm console log entries when my audio drops out, but I'm unable to troubleshoot further. Screenshot of console logs attached.
I think I've also ruled out bit depth, clock source, or channel count as a potential problem source. The Model 12 uses a "default" clock source (as opposed to other interfaces using "internal" clock sources) and the Scarlett 18i8 uses 24-bit audio (as opposed to my other interfaces being 16-bit)
I think I've also ruled out some of the general MacOS / Teams settings - it still happens using all different permutations of noise reduction, hi fidelity audio mode, and OS setting.
It also still happens if I attempt to make a CoreAudio aggregate device that includes my USB interface.
This is extremely frustrating and making it difficult to use Teams for work with an otherwise totally functional audio setup.
