There is some fragment in the original update which for unknown reasons affects a tiny percentage of W10 worldwide installations. (200 PCs on this forum, max? Several billion worldwide?).
Part of a rolling set of updates required by MS, If not installed under one, will be rolled forward into the next routine update, (with by then other necessary stuff also) etc. So, not surprising at all. AND in the meantime you're missing other stuff necessary for PC security.
To cure it MS would need to know the detail issue. Clearly not our hardware, as proved by several us reinstalling successfully. So must be some odd, very rare, fragment of the affected PC's history, either update history or may be license history.
No chance.
Reinstall and enjoy your Christmas.
Your PC will also be healthier, faster etc with a clean install. But, yes it's a pain and needs very careful backups (using a new, and so faster, disc is a good safeguard, as per my previous). . But we can't change the world.