Forgive me, but I want to share the solution of my problem. It consisted in the fact that the Canon LBP6020B printer worked perfectly under the control of Windows 10 Home and absolutely refused to work under Windows 10 Pro. All tips did not help.
Please note - the printer was installed from the same files for Windows 10.
How did I solve the problem? Stupid. Head-on.
I exported the printer driver from Windows 10 Home and then imported it into Windows 10 Pro.
The printer began to work!
Further. I updated Windows 10 Pro (with a driver from Windows 10 Home) to Windows 11 Pro and the printer also works!