Try disabling Edge on startup and reboot. I know, it doesn't sound like it would be related but this fixed it for me, and I can't explain it. problem is, after a windows update, it was back on in startup, so I had to disable it again after that.
I think you might find that MS Edge is probably a bit of a red herring, it's looking more likely that MS has fixed the USB disconnect issues either intentionally or by accident with the rollout of an update. Certainly the lack of any recent complaints in this thread seems to suggest that theory.
I first mentioned the issue with MS Edge on the 13th October when I noticed it was preventing me from deleting files from a USB thumb drive. A quick check of task manager showed it was using huge amounts of resources and after disabling it at startup it did indeed resolve that issue.
However.., I don't personally believe MS Edge is the cause of these USB disconnect issues, I discovered the cause of them on my machine and it had nothing to do with Edge. Mine turned out to be a faulty USB port which just so happened to be the one I used most regularly. I spent an afternoon disconnecting ALL USB ports to test my theory and replugged them all, one-by-one and none of the others had any problems. That's not to say that they didn't a few weeks back, at one time even the back ones were flaky but they're not anymore. I can only assume this had to be the result of an update, I did nothing to fix the problem.
Incidentally, you say Edge was back on in Startup after an update but I'm not seeing that behaviour on my machine, I've even updated to 24H2 and it's still disabled. Strange!