We are experiencing this same issue with multiple scanner models, and I was hopeful yesterdays update would fix the issue, so I downloaded the .msu for KB5046617 and installed it manually. It would seem the "USB Printer Support" driver is still the same version as before, and did not fix this issue. I tried installing usbprint.inf drivers from 23h2, after disabling driver signature enforcement, but 24h2 replaced them with the broken ones, again.
For the scanjet pro 3000 S4, I was able to follow the steps suggested here: https://h30434.www3.hp.com/t5/Scanning-Faxing-Copying/Windows-11-Version-24H2-stopped-Scanner-connection/td-p/9217665 but I had to choose a different .inf file in the DriverStore folder -- whichever one has the 3000 S4 device drivers listed. However, if the scanner goes into standby mode or is turned off/on again, it quits working until the computer is rebooted - a temporary fix.
Those steps aren't working for me with the HP Scanjet Pro 2600 F1, as I can't seem to find it listed.
Did the Patch Tuesday update fix this issue for anyone?