Hi... I was having this very same problem for the past 24 hours. I tried everything sugested by the good people on here, but nothing seemed to work. After countless failed attempts to retry download and re-install, I tried to download the update manualy and use the standalone installer. This also failed.
I then went into my bios to see if I might need to update it, I didn't need to as I have the latest bios for my motherboard, but I happened to notice that the PTT had been disabled by something and my TPM was not working. I enabled PTT, checked TPM was enabled and working before going back in to windows and hey presto the update downloaded and installed without a problem. So if you're having this issue it may help you to check the status of your TPM. I hope that this might help people while accepting there could be any number or reasons for this update failing to update your computers. Alan