I just tried once again to do this security update - same error message. I have since gone into the options and changed it to pause updates for 35 days. Hopefully, MS can work on getting this fixed by then. They certainly haven't been making any progress on it up to this point.
I was initially concerned that something I did caused the problem. My Windows 10 PC could not be upgraded (?) to Windows 11 and I ran a check to see why. The only thing holding it out was that it was running Legacy and I needed to change it to UEFI and Secure Boot capable, which I did after watching several YouTube videos. After that, I checked for any Windows updates and that's when this error appeared. After reading through 15 pages of this thread I see it is not something I did that is causing the problem.
Also, I think I will wait on the Windows 11 update since I learned that Windows 10 will be supported until October, 2025. For some reason, I thought support for that ended at the end of 2023.